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How to use this guide: read a type, try its arena, earn stars

Read this before the quizzes

Family 1: Reading

Reading: eight jobs for one passage

Main idea: say the point before you look at the options

Detail: find it in the lines, never from memory

Inference: one step beyond the text, no more

Tone and attitude: the mildest label the words support

Purpose: what is this sentence for?

Vocabulary in the passage: the meaning this sentence needs

Author would agree: apply the principle to a new case

Organisation: the plan of the passage in verbs

Check yourself: Reading

Hear the tone

Name the trap

The safest inference

Answers and why: reading

Family 2: Reasoning

Reasoning: evidence, conclusion and the gap

Assumption: the sentence the argument needs

Strengthen: close the gap, do not just add facts

Weaken: break the link, not the topic

Flaw: name the kind of jump

What follows: only what is forced

Explain the discrepancy: let both facts stand

Boldface roles: conclusion first, then label

Check yourself: Reasoning

Find the assumption

Weaken it

Name the flaw

Answers and why: reasoning

Verbal sections look like a jungle until you can name the animals. This guide names all 31 question types in seven families, with one short lesson each: what the type asks and how it is phrased, a worked example, the move that solves it, the trap that catches people, and where it appears.

Verbal Ability and Reasoning: the question-type guide, part 1 (reading and reasoning)

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