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Clauses without conjunctions

Sharing a car

Four participle forms

Meanings of participle clauses

Time, reason, condition and result

Conjunction + participle

Subjects and absolute phrases

The subject rule in depth

Absolute phrases

Practice

Perfect participle

Past participle

Perfect passive participle

Negative participle

When + past participle

While + -ing

After being

A result clause

A condition

Avoiding a dangling participle

A fixed expression

Absolute phrase

with + noun + participle

Since + -ing

A reason

Word search: participle words

Quiz Review

Quiz Review: Why Each Answer Works

Module recap

Use participle clauses for time, reason, condition and result, combine them with conjunctions, keep their subjects correct, and write absolute phrases such as weather permitting and with prices rising.

Write fluent, compact sentences with participle clauses. Choose between -ing, past, perfect and perfect passive participles, show time, reason, condition and result, add conjunctions for clarity, avoid dangling participles and use absolute phrases.

PTE Grammar 10: Participle Clauses and Absolute Phrases

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