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Foundations of Nitrogen Metabolism

Welcome and Learning Outcomes

Nitrogen Balance and the Amino Acid Pool

Inter-organ Nitrogen Transport

Knowledge Check: Nitrogen Foundations

Transamination and Amino Group Transfer

Transamination: Reversible Amino Group Exchange

ALT and AST: Diagnostic and Metabolic Roles

PLP Chemistry and Aminotransferase Mechanism

Knowledge Check: Transamination

Oxidative Deamination and Ammonia Handling

Oxidative Deamination of Glutamate

Ammonia Toxicity and Detoxification

Glutamine Synthetase and Glutaminase

Knowledge Check: Ammonia Handling

Amino Acid Biosynthesis

Essential and Non-essential Amino Acids

Nitrogen Assimilation into Glutamate and Glutamine

Biosynthesis of Selected Non-essential Amino Acids

Knowledge Check: Amino Acid Biosynthesis

One-Carbon Metabolism: Folate and SAM

The One-Carbon Pool and Tetrahydrofolate

Serine, Glycine and the Folate-Linked One-Carbon Cycle

Methionine Cycle, SAM and Biological Methylation

Clinical Connections: Folate, B12 and Homocysteine

Knowledge Check: One-Carbon Metabolism

The Urea Cycle

Purpose, Location and Nitrogen Sources of the Urea Cycle

Urea Cycle Reactions: Mitochondrial Steps

Urea Cycle Reactions: Cytosolic Steps

Urea Cycle Regulation and Integrated Nitrogen Disposal

Knowledge Check: Urea Cycle

Amino Acid Degradation and Inborn Errors

Principles of Amino Acid Catabolism

Phenylketonuria and Tyrosine Metabolism

Maple Syrup Urine Disease and Branched-chain Amino Acids

Alkaptonuria, Homocystinuria and Other Disorders

Clinical Cases: From Metabolite to Mechanism

Knowledge Check: Inborn Errors

Clinical Integration and Applied Biochemistry

Hyperammonaemia: Differential Diagnosis and Biochemical Clues

Integrated Metabolic States: Feeding, Fasting and Catabolic Stress

Final Assessment: Nitrogen Metabolism

An intermediate-level exploration of nitrogen handling, amino acid biosynthesis and degradation, folate- and SAM-dependent one-carbon metabolism, and hepatic urea-cycle function, integrating biochemical mechanisms with inherited metabolic disorders and clinical interpretation.

Explore how cells transfer, recycle, incorporate and eliminate nitrogen. This intermediate-level course connects core biochemical pathways with clinically important inherited disorders and hyperammonaemia.

Nitrogen Metabolism, Amino Acid Biosynthesis, and the Urea Cycle

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