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Modal Verbs for Degrees of Certainty

May, Might, Could, and the Precision of Likelihood

Hedging Beyond Modal Verbs

Qualified Generalisations & Avoiding Overclaiming

Replacing 'All/Always/Never' with Defensible Generalisations

Common Overclaiming Patterns in Task 2 Essays

Practice: Hedging, Modality & Precise Claims

Modal Certainty Check 1

Modal Certainty Check 2

Modal Certainty Check 3

Hedging Phrase Check 1

Hedging Balance Check 1

Hedging Balance Check 2

Qualified Generalisation Check 1

Qualified Generalisation Check 2

Overclaiming Check 1

Overclaiming Check 2

Overclaiming Check 3

Overclaiming Check 4

Mixed Practice Check 1

Mixed Practice Check 2

Quiz Review

Quiz Review: Why Each Answer Works

Advanced Grammar for IELTS Academic — Module 6: Hedging, Modality & Precise Claims

Module 6 of Advanced Grammar for IELTS Academic. Task 2 essays are argument-based, and confident-sounding absolute claims ("all," "always," "proves that") are usually indefensible — a single counterexample undermines them.

Hedging, Modality & Precise Claims

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