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Turning the strength up and down

A volume knob

What modals do in this test

Modals in letters

Requests, permission and offers

Obligation and past modals

Hedging in essays

Measured claims

Not too strong, not too weak

Practice

A polite request

Would you mind

Should have

Asking permission

Too demanding

A hedged claim

Tend to

Not necessary

Not allowed

Making an offer

A near miss

It is likely that

Over-hedged

I wonder if

Appears to be

Wordle: modal words

Quiz Review

Quiz Review: Why Each Answer Works

Module recap

Modality, politeness and hedging for General Training writing: polite requests, obligation and permission in letters, past modals for complaints, and measured claims in essays.

Use modal verbs to make polite requests, set out obligations without sounding rude, complain about what should have happened, and make measured claims in essays that are neither too strong nor too vague.

GT Grammar 6: Modality, Politeness and Hedging

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