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Fewer words, same meaning

The express train

Why these structures matter

Participle clauses

Three kinds of participle clause

Reduced relatives and the dangling trap

Emphasis

Cleft sentences

Inversion, used sparingly

Practice

Having waited

No dangling

Listed on the invoice

Anyone wishing

Not having

What-cleft

It-cleft

Built in 1990

Not only

Emphatic do

At no time

What the participle shows

How often to emphasise

Having read

Reducing a relative clause

Crossword: participles and emphasis

Quiz Review

Quiz Review: Why Each Answer Works

Module recap

Participle clauses, reduced relatives and emphasis for General Training writing: compact, accurate participle structures, avoiding dangling modifiers, and adding emphasis sparingly with clefts and inversion.

Write compact, fluent sentences with participle clauses and reduced relatives, avoid the dangling-modifier trap, and add emphasis to the point that matters most with clefts and inversion, used sparingly.

GT Grammar 10: Participle Clauses, Reduced Relatives and Emphasis

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