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Analysis and interpretation of financial statements

Welcome Grade 10 Learners: Why Analysis and Interpretation Matter for Real Businesses

See the Big Picture: Financial Statements and How We Analyze Them

Categories Made Easy: Profitability, Liquidity, and Solvency Explained

RATIOS

Profitability Ratios: Understanding How a Business Earns Profit

Liquidity Ratios: Can the Business Pay Its Short-Term Debts?

Solvency Ratios: Is the Business Safe in the Long Term?

Profitability Practice: Gross Profit Percentage and Mark-up Calculations

Profitability Practice: Net Profit Percentage and Return on Owners’ Equity (ROE)

Liquidity Practice: Current Ratio and Quick (Acid-Test) Ratio

Liquidity Practice: Rate of Stock Turnover and Average Collection Period

Solvency Practice: Debt-Equity Ratio and Interest Coverage

Connect the Dots: What Each Ratio Tells Us and Common Mistakes to Avoid

EXERCISE 6.14

Quiz: Classify Ratios by Category (Profitability, Liquidity, Solvency)

Quiz: Calculate Gross Profit Percentage and Mark-up from Simple Statements

Quiz: Compute Net Profit Percentage and Explain What It Means

Quiz: Return on Owners’ Equity (ROE) and Basic Interpretation

Quiz: Current Ratio—Calculate and Judge Adequacy for a Small Business

Quiz: Quick (Acid-Test) Ratio—What If Inventory Is Hard to Sell?

Quiz: Rate of Stock Turnover—Days in Inventory

EXERCISE 6.15

Quiz: Average Collection Period—Do Customers Pay on Time?

Quiz: Debt-Equity Ratio—How Risky Is the Financing Mix?

Quiz: Interest Coverage—Can We Afford the Finance Charges?

Quiz: Trend Analysis—Compare Two Years and Spot Movement

Quiz: Common-Size Statements—Percent of Sales and Percent of Assets

Quiz: Benchmarking—Compare Business to Class Averages

Quiz: Integrate Ratios—Profitability, Liquidity, and Solvency Together

Quiz: Case Study—Make Recommendations for a Grade 10–Level Retailer

Quiz: Choose the Right Ratio for the Question Asked

Quiz: Explain Your Conclusion—Short Written Reasoning

Quiz: Mixed Items—Quick Check Before the Final Review

Quiz: Final Knowledge Check—From Formulas to Interpretation

Course Reflection and Feedback

Survey: How Confident Are You with Profitability, Liquidity, and Solvency?

Survey: Which Ratios and Skills Helped You Most in Real-Life Scenarios?

Survey: What Should We Improve for Grade 10 Learners in South Africa?

Unlock the story behind the numbers with Grade 10 Financial Statement Analysis: Ratios, Trends, and Insights. Designed specifically for Grade 10 learners, this course turns income statements and balance sheets into clear, practical insights you can use in class, exams, and real-life business scenarios. You’ll learn how to categorize and calculate key ratios—profitability, liquidity, and solvency—and interpret what they really mean for a business’s performance and risk. Step-by-step modules simplify concepts like gross and net profit percentages, return on owners’ equity (ROE), current and quick ratios, stock turnover, average collection period, debt-equity, and interest coverage. You’ll also practice comparing years, using common-size statements, and making recommendations just like a young analyst. With interactive quizzes, guided practice, and relatable examples, this course builds your confidence to choose the right ratio, explain your conclusion, and avoid common mistakes. Whether you’re preparing for assessments or simply curious about how businesses make decisions, this course gives you the tools to see the big picture and connect the dots. Start analyzing like a pro—one clear calculation at a time.

Grade 10 Financial Statement Analysis: Ratios, Trends, and Insights

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            <p>Numbers become powerful when they tell a story. In this course, Grade 10 Financial Statement Analysis: Ratios, Trends, and Insights, you will learn how to turn figures from the income statement and balance sheet into clear messages about a business’s health. Step by step, you will see the big picture—what financial statements are, how they connect, and why real businesses rely on analysis to make smart decisions. The journey begins with simple ideas and real-life examples so that every concept feels practical and achievable for a first-time learner.</p>

<p>As you explore profitability, liquidity, and solvency, you will discover what each category reveals: how a business earns profit, whether it can pay its short-term debts, and if it is safe for the long term. You will practice key ratios such as gross profit percentage, mark-up, net profit percentage, return on owners’ equity, current and quick ratios, stock turnover, collection period, debt-equity, and interest coverage. Then you will connect the dots—interpreting what the results mean, avoiding common mistakes, and comparing performance over time using trends, common-size statements, and basic benchmarking. Interactive quizzes throughout EXERCISE 6.14 and EXERCISE 6.15 will help you move from formulas to confident interpretation, and the course reflection will capture your growth. By the end, you won’t just calculate numbers—you will read them like clues, make informed recommendations, and think like a young analyst ready to impact real businesses in South Africa.</p>
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