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How the engine makes energy

Fuel in

The chain, the gradient, the ATP

Hold that picture

And what it costs

The cost of running it

Before you go on

Oxidative phosphorylation end to end at working depth: fuel to electron carriers, the chain and the gradient, oxygen and ATP, and the honest cost, reactive oxygen, so defence has to scale with output.

The central idea of the whole module. Fuel becomes electrons; electrons flow down a chain and build a charge; oxygen is spent at the end; the charge is turned into usable energy.

2.3 — How the Engine Makes Energy, and What It Costs

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